Primulawolongensis (Primulaceae), a new species of the primrose from Sichuan, China.

This paper describes and illustrates a new species of Primulaceae, Primulawolongensis sp. nov. from Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China. It is very rare and currently only known from its type locality. The new species belongs to subsection Chartacea of the section Petiolares on account of lacking bud scales at flowering, being efarinose and having distinct petiolate leaves with more or less rounded lamina. The new species can be differentiated from other members of the subsection by leaf blade margin dentate, and leaf veins which are not raised, scape shorter than or equal to pedicels, yellow flowers and location of stamens of the corolla tube at thrum flower. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) demonstrated that P.wolongensis was sister to subgen. Auriculastrum. Primulawolongensis is currently known from a single location in Wolong Town, and its conservation status is assessed as Data Deficient (DD).

Gastrochilusheminii (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae), a new species from Sichuan, China, based on molecular and morphological data.

Gastrochilusheminii (Orchidaceae), a new orchid species from Sichuan Province, Southwest China, is described and illustrated. It morphologically resembles G.affinis and G.yei, but differs markedly from the former in having a thinner and slightly rolled downwards reniform epichile and the central thickened purple-red mat with irregular folds (vs. subtriangular epichile curves upwards, with 2 thick, brown to purplish-brown median ridges from base to apex), and can be clearly distinguished from the latter by having reniform epichile with lobed apex and subconical hypochile with bilobed apex that splits into two conical protrusions (vs. semi-rounded epichile not lobed and subconical hypochile not bilobed). The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and four chloroplast DNA fragments (matK, psbA-trnH, psbM-trnD, and trnL-F) of 36 Gastrochilus species showed that G.heminii was closely related to G.affinis and G.distichus.

[Absorbed components analysis of Zhitong Huazheng Capsules in rat serum by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS].

To identify and analyze the constituents in rat serum after oral administration of Zhitong Huazheng capsule (ZTHZC), and provide a reference for its further research on pharmacodynamics material basis. Female Wistar rats were selected as experimental animals, and received intragastric administration of ZTHZC at a dose of 1.5 g·kg⁻¹. After the serum samples were collected, the absorbed prototype components in rat serum were identified and analyzed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis．The results showed, a total of fifteen absorbed constituents were identified, all of which were prototype components, including Danshensu, salvianolic acid A, B, C, D, 9,12-dihydroxy-15-nonadecanoicacid, linoleic acid, ethyl palmitoleate, tetrahydropalmatine, fumarate A, astragaloside A, astragaloside II, saponin, locustin and luteolin. This experiment showed that these fifteen components absorbed into blood may be the potential bioactive components in ZTHZC, providing a scientific basis for clarifying its material basis in pharmacodynamics.